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Monocrystalline silicon pressure sensor is a kind of commonly used pressure sensor, which has the advantages of high precision, high reliability and simple structure. Its working principle is based on the piezoresistive effect of monocrystalline silicon sheets. Using monocrystalline silicon as sensing element, the pressure is converted into electrical signal which is used to detect and measure the pressure. The monocrystalline silicon pressure sensor consists of a pressure sensing device, a signal processing circuit and an output interface. The pressure sensing device uses a monocrystalline silicon sheet with a small resistance bridge for sampling. When external pressure is applied, the monocrystalline silicon sheet deforms, causing the resistance of the bridge to change. The sensing device is connected to a signal processing circuit that processes and amplifies the bridge's telecommunications and converts them into a standard electrical signal output.

The working principle of monocrystalline silicon pressure sensor is mainly divided into the following aspects:

1. The physical effect of pressure sensing: when applied externally, the pressure sensing effect of the monocrystalline silicon sheet is based on the piezoresistive effect of the film, and when the pressure is applied, the monocrystalline silicon sheet will be deformed, so that its resistance changes, so as to achieve the process of converting the pressure into an electrical signal.

2. The basic principle of voltage application: at normal temperature and pressure, the monocrystalline silicon sheet forms a resistance bridge, and balances the bridge voltage by applying voltage to ensure that it is fine-tuned in a small range. When external pressure is applied, the bridge will begin to lose its dynamic balance causing a change in resistance, resulting in a voltage signal.

3. Electrical signal analysis and processing principle: When the pressure sensor receives a weak signal, it is necessary to amplify the signal and process the filter to ensure the accuracy and precision of the measurement. Signals are typically processed using operational amplifiers, filters, A/D converters, and other components.

4. Electrical output principle: The electrical signal obtained through the previous step is amplified and converted by the circuit behind the standard output electrical signal can be obtained, and with the support of digital devices, pressure data collection and processing can be realized.

Monocrystalline silicon pressure sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high precision and high reliability, and is widely used in medical and biological fields, medical engineering, petroleum, aviation, energy, environmental protection and other fields. It is precisely because of the excellent performance of monocrystalline silicon and a wide range of applications that pressure sensors have become an excellent measuring instrument.